China’s Diplomatic Strategy: A New Era for Pakistan-India Relations
US Secretary of State Marco Rubio played a pivotal role in de-escalating tensions between Pakistan and India, yet China has solidified its position as the dominant diplomatic force in the region. This was underscored by the recent trilateral meeting between Islamabad, Kabul, and Beijing aimed at enhancing Pak-Afghan relations, driven by China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) extending into Afghanistan. For Pakistan to maintain its relationship with China, it must actively engage with Beijing’s evolving diplomatic strategy.
The Flaws in American Diplomacy
For years, Pakistan has expressed dissatisfaction with the US’s diplomatic approach, viewing it as a transactional relationship disguised as something more substantial. Frustration has emerged over what many see as US hypocrisy, particularly its focus on democracy, human rights, and religious freedom, while simultaneously engaging directly with military officials and conducting drone strikes that violate human rights.
The Appeal of China’s Transactional Approach
In contrast, China’s transparent transactional model has garnered a warm reception in Pakistan. Islamabad has received significant investments and military support from Beijing in exchange for market access and collaboration on counter-terrorism efforts, including actions against Eastern Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM). This relationship has been managed with minimal political interference or engagement from civil society.
Bilateral Exchanges: China’s Preferred Method
China favors discreet, targeted bilateral exchanges over ideologically charged rhetoric. As noted by Hao Nan in the East Asia Forum, China’s numerous special envoys facilitate effective government-to-government communication and expedite negotiations due to their direct link to the Chinese leadership, freeing them from the constraints of engaging with broader political contexts.
China’s Strategic Diplomacy: A Shift in Messaging
However, there are signs that China’s diplomatic strategy is shifting. While Beijing certainly brokered the Pak-Afghan détente to safeguard its interests, particularly in countering terrorism threats and enhancing access to regional resources, the diplomatic tone has softened. A senior Chinese official recently highlighted the strategic significance of China’s neighboring countries, reiterating that ‘a close neighbor is better than a distant relative.’
China’s Global Reach and Soft Power Initiatives
China remains focused on expanding its global soft power. According to The Economist, China invests over $10 billion annually to enhance its global image, establishing over 500 Confucius Institutes worldwide to promote Mandarin and Chinese culture. Furthermore, youth-oriented platforms like TikTok and culturally significant video games are being utilized to improve international perceptions. Polling from the Danish NGO Alliance of Democracies Foundation has indicated noticeable improvements in how China is viewed globally.
Exploring New Frontiers: Pakistan’s Opportunities
As China redefines its diplomatic landscape, Pakistan has the opportunity to broaden its relationship beyond security and counter-terrorism. Key areas ripe for collaboration include sustainable technologies and innovations, particularly in artificial intelligence (AI). China’s recent 1.6% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, attributed to investments in renewable energy, presents a model for Pakistan. Islamabad should actively pursue partnerships in electric vehicles and renewable energy sectors to deepen its relationship with an increasingly ambitious Beijing.
